Funding constraints and financial stress have thwarted the pace of development in the road sector. The public-private partnership model for road construction and development acted as a catalyst and provided impetus to the growth of the sector. In the 11th Five-Year Plan, out of the total 10,600 km of national highways completed under NHDP, 50% were funded through the BOT-Toll model and 10% through the BOT-Annuity model.
